ARTHROPLASTY
Variations on joint replacements include:
- Single-stage bilateral total joint arthroplasty. Both corresponding joints (e.g., both hips) are replaced at the same time. This is most common with the knees.
- Unilateral total joint arthroplasty. One joint is replaced. An option recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for less-invasive hip replacement is hip resurfacing, in which a small amount of bone is removed from the ball-like head of the femur (thighbone) and metallic parts are implanted into the femur and the socket-like acetabulum of the pelvis.
- Hemiarthroplasty. Only one side of the joint is replaced. For example, only the head of the femur in the hip joint may be replaced, leaving the natural acetabulum as is.
- Unicompartmental joint arthroplasty. Only a single piece of the joint is replaced. This is an even more limited replacement than hemiarthroplasty.
- Minimally invasive surgery. Works with smaller incisions. This may be employed in total joint arthroplasty. Some centers can even perform this variation as an outpatient procedure. The soft tissues around the joint suffer less trauma, and the patient recovers much more quickly. However, this technique has only recently been developed, and long-term results are not yet available.
- Replacement arthroplasty. When a joint prosthesis wears out or becomes infected, another arthroplasty is required to replace it. This is most common in patients younger than 60 because of their more active lifestyles.
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